Pneumatic riveting apparatus



N0. 624,447. Patented May 9, i399., J. BOYER. PNEUMATIC RIVETIANG APPARATUS.

(Application med Feb. 9, 189m (No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BOYER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

PN Eu MATIC RlvETiNG APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION :forming part of Letters Patent No. 624,447, dated May 9, 1899.

nApplication filed february 9, 189B.V Serial No. 669,654. (No model.)

Vmatic Riveting Apparatus, of which the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specication.

My invention relates to that class of pneu-V matic riveting apparatus in which a suitable device, such as a holder-on or dollybar, is employed to hold the rivet in position with its head against one side of the plates which are being riveted together while a suitably-supported pneumatic hammer operates upon the opposite end of the rivet to hammer it down and head it.

My invention has for its object the provision of more convenient and effective means than heretofore devised for holding the rivet up to the plates and for supporting the pneumatic hammer and holding` it up toits work; and its novelty consists in certain new constructions, arrangements, combinations, and modes of operation of the parts constituting my novel apparatus, all of which will be hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a view of the completeapparat-us in position to rivet together the two angle-plates there shown; Figs. 2 and 3, enlarged detail views of the devices carried lo'y the opposite arms of the yoke-frame shown in Fig. l, Fig. 2 showing the dolly-bar and the clamp for securing it to the frame and Fig. 3 showing the pneumatic hammer, the cylinder in which itv is inclosed, and the clamp for securing it to the opposite arm of the supporting-frame;`

Fig. 2, a detail from Fig. 2, showing spring; Fig. 4, an end view of the right-hand end of the parts shown in Fig. 3, with the cap upon the end of the cylinder removed; Fig. 5, an enlarged sectional detail of the rear end of the pneumatic hammer and its inclosing cylinder, showing the valve mechanism of the hammer; and Fig. 6, asectional detail on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5. l

The same letters of reference are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the views. As shown in Fig. l, the supporting-frame A ries at its lower end the device 'for holding the rivet in position against one side of the plates E, while its opposite end is operatedA upon by the pneumatic hammer carried by the lower end of the arm Cof the frame. The device carried by the arm B, I-will term the dolly-bar7 of the apparatus. It consists of a heavy solid casting F, the exterior of whose body is cylindrical in form and is provided at its inner or forward end with a reduced cylindrical extension G. The inner end of the casting F and its extension Gare provided wit-h a longitudinal bore H, in which iits the stem I of the button-set J, which latter has a concave or other suitably shaped recess to t over the head of the rivet, as shown in Fig. l. The part G of the casting F is provided with a circumferential groove, in which fits a strong wire spring K, which serves to confine upon opposite sides of the part G flat springs L, Figs. l and 2, suitably shaped to form shoulders which engage an annular shoulder a, formed upon the outer or rear end of the button-set J, these springs L L serving by their engagement with the shoulder a to yieldingly hold the button-set J in position upon the dolly-bar F.

Provisionis made for securing the dollybar F to an arm B- of the supporting-frame in such a way as to permit lateral adjustment and also easy removal of the dolly-bar. To this end the casting F has formed upon its upper side and extending its full length a smaller cylindrical part M, which is engaged by a clamp N, carried by the arm B. The pneumatichammer is secured to the opposite arm C of the yoke-frame by a similar clamp, a sectional view of which is shown in Fig. 3 and an end v-iewin Fig. 4, to which latter reference may here be made in describing the clamp of Fig.'2. As seen in Fig. 4, the body of the clamp is composed of two parallel plates or halves b c, integrallyunited at their IOO upper ends. The lower ends of the plates b c are shaped to partially surround and embrace the cylindrical part M upon the dollybar F, and bolts d, passing through the plates b c and provided with nuts e, serve to clamp said plates firmly to the part M of the dollybar casting F. Upon loosening the bolts the dolly-bar can be slid longitudinally in the clampand adjusted to the desired position or entirely removed therefrom, and upon tightening up the bolts it may be firmly secured in adjusted position. To afford additional security, the part M is preferably provided with transverse holes and a bolt f passed through the clamp N and the part M. The longitudinal adjustment of the dolly-bar in the clamp in such case is from hole to hole in 'the part M. f

Formed upon the upper side of the clamp N, at its inner end, is a socket O, (see the corresponding socket O' in Fig. 3,) while it is provided at its rear end with two verticallyprojecting ears P. The inner one of the two lower extremities of the arm B of the yokeframe fits in the socket O and is secured by a bolt g, passed through the same, Fig. l,

while the ears P upon the rear end ofthe clamp embrace between them the outer extremity of the arm B of the frame and are bolted to the same, as shown in Fig. l. In this manner and by'these means a very rigid and secure and at the same time adjustable attachment ofthe dolly-bar to the yoke-frame is obtained. By means of a similar clamp N', having a socket O' and ears P', Figs. 3 and 4, there is adjustably secured to the lower end of the opposite arm C of the yokeframe a hollow cylinder Q, which is provided upon its upper side with an integral longitudinal tube R, corresponding to the part M of the dolly-bar vF and serving the same purpose iu'connection with'the clamp N', as will -be readily understood. The cylinder Q contains the pneumatic hammer of the apparatus and is provided with two chambers, the smaller forward one of which is adapted to receiveand fit the barrel or cylinder S of the hammer and the larger rear one of which receives and approximately fits the coupling-sleeve T, by which the cylinder-head is secured to the rear end. of the cylinderS of the hammer, as hereinafter explained. The entire pneumatic hammer is free to be slid backward and forward within the cylinder Q, the annular shoulder U, formed at the.

junction of the larger and 'smaller chambers of the cylinder, forming astop whose coperation with the front end of the coupling-sleeve T of the hammerlimits the forward movement of the latter in the cylinder Q.

The front end of the barrel S of the hammer projects more Aor less from the front end of the cylinder Q, according to the position of the hammer within the cylinder, and the bushing or sleeve V, driven into its front end, re-

ceives the stem I' of the button-set J correspending to the button-set J, carried by the dolly-bar and heretofore described. The front end of the barrel S is provided with a circumferential groove, in which fits a. strong wire spring K', corresponding to the spring K of Fig. 2 and like the latter spring serving to secure in place two flat springs L', which cooperate with an annular shoulder a' upon the button-set J' to yieldingly hold the latter in position in the front end of the hammer.

-The pneumatic hammer contained Within the cylinder Q may be 'of any suitable construction, that illustrated in the drawings being substantially the same, with the excep- 'tions hereinafter noted, as that heretofore patented to me by Letters Patent No. 575,589, of January 19, 1897. S is the barrel or cylinder of such hammer, and W the piston or striker, reciprocating Within the barrel S and delivering its blows upon the stem I' of the button-set J'. The automatic valve controlling the reciprocations of the piston WV is shown in the sectional View of Fig. 5; but inasmuch as the construction and operation of the valve and the ports and passages coperating with it are substantially the same as in the aforesaid patent it will be sufficient to here state that the cylindrical valve X is conftained in a suitable chamber in a valve-block of the cylinder S is prevented by suitabledowel-pins and recesses` between the two parts, as is also rotation of the cylinder-head Z upon the rear end of the valve-block Y vby like means. These parts being held from turning relatively to each other, the coupling-sleeve A' is screwed firmly upon the cylinder-head Z and serves to securely bind the parts together. The cylinder head Z is provided with a circular row of inlet-ports B', Fig. 6, through which the motive fluid admitted to the rear end of the inclosing cylinder Q, as hereinafter explained, passes into'the valvechalnber'and thence under the control of the valve to the opposite ends of thepiston-chamber con taining the piston W to reciprocate the latter in the manner described in the aforesaid patent. The exhaust from the opposite ends of the piston-chamber and forward side of the valve escapes through two circular rows of exhaust-ports C' D', extending radially through the wall of the valve-block Z and through coincident holes E' F' in the coupling-sleeve A. (See Fig. 3.) The couplingsleeve is provided upon its exterior with a series of longitudinal grooves G', into which the holes E' F' open, the grooves extending forward from said holes, but not rearward there- IOO IIO

from. These grooves G' permit thel exhaust motive fluid escaping through the exhaustports C' D' and holes E' F' in the couplingsleeve to pass freely forward into the front end of the large chamber of the cylinder Q and to escape therefrom through openings H' in the wall thereof at the front end of such chamber, as seen in Fig. 3.

The cylinder-head Z is provided upon its rear side with a central boss M', upon which ts a circular plate Q', which is provided with a circular row of slots R', Fig. 6, coinciding with the circular row of inlet-ports B' in the cylinder-head Z and secured in place b y a Cotter-pin S', passed through the boss M'. Confined between the cylinder-head Z and the plate Q' is a cup-shaped leather washer or packing-ringT', snugly fitting the inner surface of the inclosing cylinder Q.

'The eXtreme rear end of the cylinder Q is interiorly threaded and has secured in it a disk U', provided with a central threaded opening V and with additional openings W', Fig. 4. Fitting against the rear end of the cylinder Q is a circular cap X', secured in place by a screw-bolt Y', engaging the central threaded hole in the disk U' and provided with a pipe connection Z' whose passage communicates with the chamber Z" within the cap X and thence through the openings W in the disk U' with the rear end of the large chamber within the inclosing cylinder Q. A pipe A", Fig. 1, is screwed into the pipe oonnection Z and connected by a flexible hose B" with the reservoir of compressed air or other motive-fluid supply. A throttle-valve C",interposed in the pipe A",controls the inlet of the motive iiuid.

Under the construction and arrangement of parts above described when the throttlevalve is opened and the motive iiuid admitted to the rear end of the inclosing cylinder Q its pressure upon the rear endof the pneumatic hammer tting Within such cylinder will move the latter forward in the cylinder Q until the button-set J' comes in contact with the end of the rivet which is to be operated upon, whereupon the forward movement ofthe hammer will be arrested. The motive fluid will also pass through the inlet-ports B' in the cylluder-head to the valve-chamber and thence to the chamber containing the piston W, thereby starting the operation of the hammer, whose pistou W will reciprocate under the action of the motive fluid and control of the valve X to deliver blows to the stem 1' of the button-set J' in the usual manner of pneumatic hammers. Owing to the fact that the' area of the inlet-ports B', by which the motive uid is admitted to the valve and piston of the hammer, is quite small as compared withthe entire area of the rear end of the ham mer which is exposed to the pressure of the motive fluid the hammer will be moved forward Within the cylinder Q and its button-set J' be brought into contact with the valve and piston of the hammer will begin to reciprocate, which sequence of operations is desirable, although vnot absolutely necessary.

It will be understood from the foregoing description that in the operation of riveting with my improved apparatus it is only necessary to adjust the supportingframe A to properposition opposite the rivet to be acted upon and then open the throttle-valveC", whereupon the pneumatic hammer will be automatically advanced into contact with the end of the rivet, at the same time bringing the button set of the dolly-bar into firm engagement with the head upon the opposite end of the rivet and will then automatically begin operation upon the rivet and hammer it down and head it. The dolly-bar is thus held up to the rivet on one side and the pneumatic hammer on the other and the latter automatically advanced to the Work as the end of the rivet is hammered down, all by the action of the motive iuid within the cylinder containing the hammer. This renders it possible for the operation of riveting to be carried on with my apparatus by a single Work- A man, while with a helper to place the rivets in position and aid in initially adjusting the supporting-frame the operation may be per.- formed with great rapidity.' Furthermore, owing to the fact that the means for holding the dolly-bar up to the work is carried entirely by the opposite arm of the frame from that to which the dolly-bar is itself secured it follows that the dolly-bar may be made very much shorter than could the devices heretofore employed in its place for holding the rivet in position against the plates. Heretofore it has in some instances been the practice to secure the pneumatic hammer in fixed i cupied as much space as the pneumatic hammer, with the result that the arm of the frame carrying the holder-on could not be inserted in narrow spaces, Where many rivets are located in some classes of Work, and the usefulness of the apparatus was thereby materially limited. In my improved apparatus inas- IIO much as the pneumatic hammer is itself in a sense the holder-on by reason of the fact that the pressure against its rear end serves not only to advance it to Working position, but to also hold the dolly-bar firmly against the opposite side of the work, it follows that the dolly-bar may be made of any suitable size and shape and may be secured in fixed position to its arm of the supporting-frame, as described.

It will be understood that the yoke-shaped frame which I have illustrated and described is simply a convenient support for the dollybar and pneumatic hammer and that any other suitable support for them may be substituted for the yoke-shaped frame. In some classes of work a straight rod or bar will afrivet in the manner described before the ford-a suitable and convenient support for attheir lower sides to the dolly-bar and cylf and movable longitudinally thereof, and

inder and be provided with clamping portions at their upper sides to engage such rod or bar, as will be readily understood.

So far as I am aware I am the first in the art to combine a pneumatic hammer with an inclosing cylinder to which motive iiuid is. supplied to advance the hammer longitudinally of the cylinder to hold it up to the work and also operate the hammer. Apneumatic hammer thus arranged within an inclosing cylinder may be advantageously employed in a variety of relations quite independently of the yoke-shaped frame -and dolly-bar associated with them in the present` instance, and my invention in this respect contemplates all such independent uses of the hammer, as will be indicated by the terms of my claims relating to it.

Having thus fully described my invention,

I claiml. The combination of a suitably-supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer inclosed therein and movable longitudinally of the cylinder, and means for controlling the ad mission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose described.

2. The combination of a suitably-supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer inclosed therein and movable longitudinally of the cylinder, and a single throttle-valve for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder and interior of the pneumatic hammer, whereby upon opening said valve the hammer will be advanced to the' Work and automatically started.

3. The combination of a suitably-supported cylinder, apnenmatic hammer inclosed therein and movable longitudinally thereof, and having inlet-ports at its rear end, and means for controlling the admission of motive Huid Lo the rear end of the cylinder and the interior of the pneumatic hammer, for the purpose described.

4. The combination of a suitably-supported cylinder, a pneumatic hammer inclosed therein and movable longitudinally thereof, and provided at its rear end with a packing-ring or Washer snugly fitting the interior of the cylinder, exhaust-openings in the forward part of the cylinder communicating with the exhaust-passages of the pneumatic hammer, and a throttle-valve controlling the admission of the motive uid to the rear end ot the cylinder and interior of the pneumatic hammer, for the purpose described.

5. The combination of the dolly-bar and the cylinder secured to a suitable support, a pneumatic hammer inclosed Within the cylinder means for. controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose described. f

6. The combination of the dolly-bar and the cylinder secured to a suitable support, a pneumatic hammer inclosed within the cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and a single throttle-valve controlling the admission of motive iiuid to the cylinder and to the interior of the hammer, whereby upon opening such valve the hammer will be advanced to the work and automatically started.

7. The combination of the dolly-bar and cylinder secured to a suitable support and adjustable thereon toward and from each other,

a pneumatic hammer inclosed Within the cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and means for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose described.

8. The combination of the dolly-bar and l cylinder and the clamps adjustably securing Athem to a suitable support, a pneumatic hammer in the cylinder, and a throttle-valve for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the cylinder and interior of the pneumatic hammer, for the purpose described.

9. The herein-described pneumatic riveting apparatus, composed of the yoke-shaped supporting-frame, a dolly-bar secured to one arm of the frame, a cylinder secured to the opposite arm thereof, a pneumatic hammer inclosed in said cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and means for controlling the admission of motive iiuid to the cylinder, for the purpose set forth.

'10. The herein-described pneumatic riveting apparatus, composed of the yoke-shaped supporting-frame,the dolly-bar secured to one v arm thereof, the cylinder secured to the opposite arm thereof in line with the dolly-bar, said cylinder and dolly-bar being adjustable toward and from each other upon their respective arms of the supporting-frames, the pneumatic hammer inclosed Within the cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof,and

Ameans for controlling the admission ot' motive fluid to the cylinder, for the purpose set forth.

ll. rI`he herein-described pneumatic riveting apparatus composed of the yoke-shaped supporting-frame having a clamp secured to the extremity of each of its arms, the dollybar carried by the clampon one of said arms, and adapted to be adjusted lengthwise in the clamp and firmly held in adjusted position by tightening up the clamp, the cylinder carried by the clamp of the opposite arm of the supporting-frame andadapted'to be adj usted and firmly held in adjusted position by tightening up the clamp, the cylinder carried by the-clamp of the opposite arm of the supporting-frame and adapted to be adjusted and firmly held in adjusted position in the same manner, the pneumatic hammer inclosed in said cylinder and movable longitudinally thereof, and means for controlling the admis- IOS IIO

sion of motive fluid to the cylinder7 for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination of the supportingframe A having the arms B C provided with the clamps N and N, respectively, the dollybar F provided with the part M engaged by the clamp N and having the bore H to receive the stem I of the button-set J, the cylinder Q having the part R engaged by the clamp N and provided with the two chambers forming the annular shoulder U at their junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S fitting in the smaller forward chamber of the cylinder Q and the sleeve T iitting in the larger rear chamber thereof and adapted-to cooperate with the shoulder U-to limit the forward movement of the ham mer Within the cylinder, the supply-pipe A communicating with the rear end of the cylinder Q, and the throttle-valve C controlling the passage of the motive fluid through such pipe, substantially as described.

13.r The combination of the cylinder Q having the two chambers forming the annularY shoulder U at their junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S fitting in the smaller forward chamber of the cylinder and the sleeve T fitting in its larger rear chamber, the packing-ring '1" secured to the rear end of the hammer and snugly iitting the interior of the larger chamber of the cylinder Q, the supply-pipe A" communicating with the rear end of the cylinder, and the throttle-valve C" in said pipe, substantially as described. V

. 14. The combination of the cylinder Q having the two chambers forming the annular shoulder U at their junction, the pneumatic hammer having the barrel S fitting in the smaller forward chamber of the cylinder and the sleeve T fitting in its larger rear chamber, thepacking-ring T/ secured to the rear end of the hammer and snugly fitting the interior of the larger chamber of the cylinder Q, the disk U screwed into the rear end of the cylinder Q and provided with the central threaded hole and with the openings W', the cap X fitting against the rear end of the cylinder Q and provided Withv the pipe connection Z', and

the screw-bolt Y passed through the cap X and engaging lthe threaded hole in the disk U', to secure the cap X to the end of the cylinder, substantially as described.

l5. The combination of the cylinder Q, the pneumatic hammer inclosed therein and having the barrel S, the valve-block Y tting against the rear end of the barrel S the head Z tting against the rear end of the valveblock Y, and the coupling-sleeve A provided at its forward end with the internal annular shoulder engaging the external annular shoulder on the barrel S and screwed at its rear end upon the head Z, and provided upon its exterior with the longitudinal grooves G having openings E communicating with the exhaust-openings in the valve-block, substantially as described.

16. The combination of the cylinder Q, the pneumatic hammer fitting therein andprovided at its rear end with the head Z having the inlet-openings B and the central boss M',

the disk Q fitting upon the boss M and secured in place by the pin S', and having the openings R registering with the inlet-openings B' in the head Z, and the cup-shaped packing-ring orwasher T confined between the head .Z and disk Q and snugly fitting the inner surface of the cylinder Q, substantially as described.

17. The combination, with the dolly-bar F having the part M, of the clamp N composed of the portions b c shaped at their lower ends to embrace the part M of the dolly-bar F, and the bolts and nuts d e for tightening the clamp, substantially as described.

1S. The herein -described clamp N, composed of the two halves b c integrally connected at their upper ends and shaped at their lower ends to embrace a cylindrical member, the bolts d and nuts e for tightening the clamp, and the socket O' and ears P for connecting the clamp to its support, substantially as described.

19. The combination, with the dolly-'bar F having the cylindrical extension G and bore I-I, the button-set J having the stem I tting in the bore H, and provided with the annular shoulder a, the spring K seated in a circumferential groove on the part G, and the spring or springs L conined in place by the spring K and cooperating with theshoulder a., for the purpose described. I

20. The combination, with the barrel S of a pneumatic hammer, of a working tool having a stem or shank I extending within said barrel, and a shoulder 0.', of the spring K seated in acircumferential groove on the barrel 1S, and the spring or springs L confined in place by the spring K and engaging the shoulder a', substantially as described.

' l JOSEPH BOYER. Witnesses:

W. E. BERG, E. WENGER'.

IOO 

